The purpose of the department is to ensure the optimal utilisation and safe exploitation of mineral and energy resources and the rehabilitation of the surface. To this end, it is responsible for the following:
- To direct and administer regional offices on economic growth and development;
- To formulate and promote mineral-related policies that will encourage investment into the mining and mineral industry, thus making South Africa attractive to investors;
- Regulate hydrocarbon energy carriers and ensure energy planning;
- Manage the electricity sector and the nuclear industry;
- Ensure the safe mining of minerals under healthy working conditions;
- Ensure the co-ordination of the national rural development strategy;
- Ensure overall co-ordination of HIV/AIDS and other programmes and projects in the department as well as in the mining and energy industries;
- Ensure alignment of departmental policies and programmes with the National Economic and Development Strategy; and
- Co-ordinate the implementation of gender empowerment in the mineral and energy sectors.